La infección suele ser producida mayoritariamente por bacterias, pero también por virus o parásitos. Las bacterias que causan la diarrea del viajero se encuentran en regiones con suministro de agua contaminada, sistemas de alcantarillado deficientes y técnicas inadecuadas en el manejo y preparación de los alimentos.
Un proceso normal de diarrea del viajero dura aproximadamente de 3 a 7 días, y suele estar acompañada de:
* Deposiciones sueltas, acuosas (más de 3 por día)
* Náuseas
* Pesadez de estomago
* Urgencia por defecar
* Fatiga
La diarrea del viajero casi nunca pone en peligro la vida de los adultos, pero puede ser peligroso en los niños, debido a la deshidratación.
Es preciso acudir a un médico cuando la diarrea es:
* Severa
* Con expulsión de sangre
* No se mejora en el plazo de una semana
* Está acompañada de fiebre y escalofrios
La mejor solución para la diarrea del viajero es la Prevención:
*Bebidas: tomar siempre agua y bebidas embotelladas. No es conveniente tomar hielos, ya que no existe garantía de como se elaboraron. las infusiones deben tomarse siempre muy calientes.
* Baño: evitar los baños en aguas de río, lagos o piscinas de los que no se esté muy seguro de su calidad higiénica.
* Alimentos: evitar los zumos o frutas ya preparados. Las verduras deberán estar cocidas. Evitar los alimentos crudos.
* Vacunas: si se va a viajar a zonas de riesgo, es conveniente informarse de las posibles vacunas disponibles, como la vacuna del cólera, por ejemplo.
* Antibióticos: el uso de antibióticos como profilaxis sólo está recomendado, bajo criterio médico, en personas dealto riesgo.
El Tratamiento a seguir en caso de diarrea del viajero consiste en:
* Dieta blanda
* Rehidratación oral
* El uso de probióticos puede ayudar a acelerar la recuperación del organismo.
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